Đổi mới sáng tạo trong công nghiệp quốc phòng của Hoa Kỳ: phân tích qua lăng kính lý thuyết Tổ hợp Công nghiệp – Quốc phòng (DIC) và bài học cho Việt Nam

Tóm tắt: Bài viết phân tích những đổi mới sáng tạo trong công nghiệp quốc phòng Hoa Kỳ qua lăng kính lý thuyết Tổ hợp Công nghiệp – Quốc phòng (DIC), nhấn mạnh sự phối hợp hiệu quả giữa Chính phủ, quân đội và khu vực tư nhân, với các nghiên cứu điển hình như chương trình Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) và Hypersonic Air-Breathing Weapon Concept (HAWC). Kết quả cho thấy, các cơ chế tài trợ linh hoạt như Thỏa thuận giao dịch khác (Other Transaction Agreements – OTAs), hợp đồng cạnh tranh và đầu tư vào nghiên cứu và phát triển (R&D) đã thúc đẩy công nghệ tiên tiến, củng cố an ninh và kinh tế Hoa Kỳ. Tuy nhiên, các tập đoàn lớn như Lockheed Martin có thể chi phối chính sách, gây rủi ro. Ngành công nghiệp quốc phòng Việt Nam có thể học hỏi từ mô hình DIC của Hoa Kỳ để xây dựng hệ sinh thái đổi mới sáng tạo hiệu quả, thông qua việc thiết lập cơ chế phối hợp ba bên, ưu tiên phát triển các công nghệ chiến lược như radar và UAV, tăng cường đầu tư R&D, và đảm bảo tính minh bạch.

Từ khoá: đổi mới sáng tạo, công nghiệp quốc phòng, Tổ hợp Công nghiệp – Quốc phòng (DIC), Hoa Kỳ, Việt Nam

Abstract: This study examines innovation in the U.S. defense industry through the lens of the Defense-Industrial Complex (DIC) theory, with an emphasis on effective collaboration among the government, the military, and the private sector. Case studies such as the Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) program and the Hypersonic Air-Breathing Weapon Concept (HAWC) illustrate how flexible funding mechanisms, including Other Transaction Agreements (OTAs), competitive contracting, and substantial investment in research and development (R&D) have driven the advancement of cutting-edge technologies, thereby strengthening U.S. national security and economic growth. Nevertheless, the significant influence of major corporations such as Lockheed Martin on policy-making may pose potential risks. Vietnam’s defense industry can draw valuable lessons from the U.S. DIC model to build an effective innovation ecosystem by establishing tripartite coordination mechanisms, prioritizing strategic technologies such as radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), increasing R&D investment, and ensuring transparency.

Keywords: innovation, defense industry, Defense-Industrial Complex (DIC), United States, Vietnam

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